Job Insecurity and Company Behavior: Influence of Fear of Job Loss on Individual and Work Environment Factors.

The purpose of this research is to analyze to what extent job insecurity is related to different factors related with quality of work life. Specifically, it refers to the individual (work-family balance, job satisfaction, labor and professional development, motivation at work, and well-being at work) and work environment (conditions and environment and safety and health at work) dimensions of the construct. The sample group consisted of 842 workers (375 men and 467 women), aged between 18 and 68 years, from Bahía de Banderas, Mexico. Pearson correlation coefficients between the different variables were carried out, as well as MANOVA and ANOVA analyses and a linear regression analysis. The results showed that workers with low job insecurity obtained higher scores in work-family balance, job satisfaction, labor and professional development, motivation at work, well-being at work, conditions and environment, and safety and health at work, in relation to workers with moderate and high insecurity. The regression analysis confirmed that individual factors explain 24% and environmental factors 15% of job insecurity. This article makes an approximation to the phenomenon of job insecurity in the Mexican context, where the relationship of this variable with quality of work life is verified.

Impact of Bullying-Victimization and Gender over Psychological Distress, Suicidal Ideation, and Family Functioning of Mexican Adolescents.

Bullying victimization is strongly associated with increased psychological distress and suicide in adolescents and poor family functioning. Knowledge of gender differences influencing these factors will improve the prevention of mental problems and suicide in victimized adolescents. A total of 1685 Mexican secondary students, 12-17 years old (m = 13.65), of whom 54% were girls, responded to a standardized scale questionnaire to analyze such differences. Based on the statistical analysis, girls reported significantly lower family functioning and higher psychological distress and suicidal ideation than boys. The cluster analysis classified adolescents into high (5.78%), moderate (24.07%), and no-victimization (69.76%) groups. Boys predominated in the high (3.1%) and moderate-victimization (12.4%) clusters, and girls in the no-victimization group (39.51%). Multivariate statistical analyses found significant differences between the three groups, with the highest means of psychological distress and suicidal ideation and lowest family functioning in the high-victimization group. Only for suicidal ideation, there was an interaction between gender and the degree of victimization, with girls showing a higher increase of suicidal ideation than boys in the same cluster. Conclusions: Early detection and intervention in bullying-victimized adolescents, aiming to decrease psychological distress and suicidal ideation and strengthen family functioning, should consider contextual gender differences for effective prevention of mental health problems and suicide in adolescents.

Job Insecurity, Family Functionality and Mental Health: A Comparative Study between Male and Female Hospitality Workers.

The aim of the present article is to compare the family functionality, mental health and job insecurity of employees of the hospitality industry in Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas, in México. This is a quantitative and cross-sectional study. The sample was selected by non-probabilistic sampling for convenience and comprised a total of 914 people, of whom 438 were women (47.92%) and 476 were men (52.08%). The women surveyed reported more somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia and social dysfunction compared to men, which allows the conclusion that their mental health is vulnerable; meanwhile, men showed better perception of family functionality, a positive factor that reveals the family as a potential support factor that reduces stress, anxiety and improves men's mental health. Another result reveals that the gender structure permeates the hotel sector, inequalities in the type of contract and income are corroborated, and the existence of a sexual division of labor to the detriment of women is confirmed, as they are mostly employed in low-skilled jobs that reproduce domestic tasks, particularly those related to cleaning and food service tasks.

Bullying Victimization among Mexican Adolescents: Psychosocial Differences from an Ecological Approach.

This transversal study over a random representative sample of 1687 Mexican students attending public and private secondary schools (54% girls, 12-17 years old, M = 13.65. DT = 1.14) aimed to analyze psychosocial differences between victims and non-victims of bullying from the bioecological model. It included individual variables (ontosystem), familiar, community, and scholar factors (microsystem), and gender (macrosystem) to perform a multivariate discriminant analysis and a logistic regression analysis. The discriminant analysis found that psychological distress, offensive communication with mother and father, and a positive attitude toward social norms transgression characterized the high victimization cluster. For the non-victims, the discriminant variables were community implication, positive attitude toward institutional authority, and open communication with the mother. These variables allowed for correctly predicting membership in 76% of the cases. Logistic regression analysis found that psychological distress, offensive communication with the father, and being a boy increased the probability of high victimization, while a positive attitude toward authority, open communication with the mother, and being a girl decrease this probability. These results highlight the importance of open and offensive communication between adolescents and their parents on psychological distress, attitude toward authority, community implication, and bullying victimization.

Complexidade e esquizofrenia / Complexity and Schizophrenia

Hoy en día hablar de esquizofrenia implica hablar de complejidad. "Complejidad" significa incluir el orden recurrente-estructural, los patrones circulares sistémicos, en diferentes dimensiones, biológica, psicológica y social, pero también el desorden, lo que es cambiante en las mismas dimensiones. Orden y desorden forman parte de los procesos de salud y enfermedad mental y uno sin el otro nos llevarían al reduccionismo o al relativismo ingenuo. Conceptualizar la enfermedad mental desde la complejidad implica generar intervenciones complejas, obligadamente interdisciplinarias y complementarias. En este breve trabajo damos cuenta de la evolución de la terapia familiar en torno a la esquizofrenia, desde los primeros modelos interaccionales de la comunicación hasta las actuales propuestas de equipo interdisciplinario, tomando en cuenta el cambio del foco primero en explicaciones causales relacionales a los enfoques que privilegian la solución de los problemas y retos que plantea la enfermedad a la persona afectada y a su familia. Planteamos los desafíos actuales de la relación profesional entre la terapia familiar y la psiquiatría para atender los casos de esquizofrenia, apoyándonos en la teoría de la complejidad de Morin (1984), que nos conduce a una reflexión epistemológica y ética de los profesionales de la salud. Concluimos que el trabajo en red en la atención a personas y familias con psicosis requiere, ineludiblemente, el diálogo inclusivo entre profesionales de diversas áreas que permita relacionar y organizar los diferentes saberes en una práctica eficiente y verdaderamente interdisciplinaria.(AU)

In recent times, talking about schizophrenia implies complexity. "Complexity" means including the recurring-structural order, systemic circular patterns in different dimensions (biological, psychological and social), but also disorder, that which changes in these dimensions. Order and disorder are part of mental health and illness, and one without the other would lead us to reductionism or naïve relativism. Conceptualizing mental illness from complexity implies generating complex interventions, obligatorily interdisciplinary and complementary. In this work, the evolution of family therapy is addressed in relation to schizophrenia, from the first interactional communication models to the current interdisciplinary approaches, taking into consideration the change of the initial focus, based on causal-relational explanations, to approaches focused on the solution of problems and challenges set by the disease for the patient and family. Current challenges of professional relation between family therapy and psychiatry in cases of schizophrenia are presented, based on Morin's theory of complexity (1984), which presents an epistemological and ethical reflection for healthcare professionals. Networking with psychotic persons and their families requires inclusive dialog among professionals in many areas, allowing the relation and organization of different knowings in an effective and truly interdisciplinary practice.(AU)

Hoje em dia, falar de esquizofrenia implica falar de complexidade. "Complexidade" significa incluir a ordem recorrente-estrutural, os padrões circulares sistêmicos em diferentes dimensões (biológica, psicológica e social), mas também a desordem, o que muda nessas mesmas dimensões. Ordem e desordem fazem parte dos processos de saúde e doença mental, e um sem o outro nos levaria ao reducionismo ou ao relativismo ingênuo. Conceitualizar a doença mental a partir da complexidade implica gerar intervenções complexas, necessariamente interdisciplinares e complementares. Neste breve trabalho, abordamos a evolução da terapia familiar em torno da esquizofrenia, desde os primeiros modelos interacionais da comunicação até as atuais propostas de equipe interdisciplinar, levando em conta a mudança do enfoque inicial, baseado em explicações causais relacionais, para os enfoques que privilegiam a solução dos problemas e desafiosimpostos pela doença para a pessoa que a padece e sua família. Apresentamos os desafios atuais da relação profissional entre a terapia familiar e a psiquiatria para atender os casos de esquizofrenia, baseando-nos na teoria da complexidade de Morin (1984), autor que propõe uma reflexão epistemológica e ética dos profissionais da saúde. Concluímos que o trabalho em rede na atenção a pessoas e famílias com psicose requer, indubitavelmente, o diálogo inclusivo entre profissionais de diversas áreas que permita relacionar e organizar os diferentes saberes numa prática eficiente e verdadeiramente interdisciplinar.(AU)